Pakistan rose to first place in Chinese energy finance
Chinese official loans and grants for energy, commitments in constant 2023 US$, totals for 2000–12 and 2013–23.
- 1. Mexico, not China, now sells America the most goods
- 2. China's ASEAN trade is now almost double its US trade
- 3. Central banks now hold more gold than Treasuries or euros
- 4. China now pays the world mostly in yuan
- 5. Migrants now send home four times all foreign aid
- 6. Tether now holds more US Treasuries than the UAE
- 7. Developing countries' interest bill has nearly tripled since 2010
- 8. America's duty-free parcels grew almost tenfold in nine years
- 9. Poles edge past the Japanese in income per person
- 10. In dollars, Nigeria's economy has more than halved since 2014
- 11. Argentina's monthly inflation fell from 25.5% to 1.9%
- 12. Guyana now produces more per person than America
- 13. Mexico's factories now outproduce Britain's and France's
- 14. Ukraine received four times the aid of any other country
- 15. The UAE sold more goods abroad than France in 2025
- 16. Singapore now draws twice as much foreign investment as China
- 17. The EU now buys more US gas than Russian gas
- 18. Malaysia again sells more to America than to China
- 19. 22 governments now owe more than a year's national output
- 20. Brazil mines 93% of the world's niobium
- 21. More Vietnamese now work in industry than on farms
- 22. Money sent home to Guatemala nearly quadrupled in ten years
- 23. In purchasing power, Russia's economy is now bigger than Japan's
- 24. Indonesia set to use more palm oil than it exports
- 25. Factories now make more of Cambodia's economy than China's
- 26. China now buys more from Brazil than from Germany
- 27. Kazakhstan now sells Russia more than Germany does
- 28. China fell to third among America's suppliers in 2025
- 29. Colombians abroad now send home more than foreigners invest
- 30. 72 countries now pay China more than it lends them
- 31. Pakistan rose to first place in Chinese energy finance
- 32. America overtook China as Taiwan's biggest export market
- 33. Mongolia's coal exports hit a record 90 million tonnes
Chinese energy commitments to Pakistan in 2013–23, nearly eight times the US$3.3bn of 2000–12.
Pakistan's rank among all recipients, 2000–12 vs 2013–23; its share rose from 4% to 11% as Viet Nam and Indonesia slipped to fifth and fourth.
Pakistan led again in 2023, ahead of Iraq's US$2.1bn. No country drew more Chinese official energy money in 2013–23.
the numbers & method
| 2000–12 (bn) | 2013–23 (bn) | |
|---|---|---|
| Viet Nam | 8.7 | 10.4 |
| Indonesia | 8.3 | 10.8 |
| Portugal | 5.9 | 3.1 |
| Angola | 5.0 | 8.1 |
| Pakistan | 3.3 | 26.0 |
| Australia | 2.4 | 17.5 |
| United Kingdom | 0.3 | 19.1 |
Claim types Estimate
AidData (Global Research Institute, William & Mary), CLG-Global 1.0, published 18 Nov 2025 (file AidDatas_CLG_Global_Dataset_v1.0.zip on docs.aiddata.org; 33,580 records, commitments 2000–2023), read from the primary file through the progrss data vault. Measure: Adjusted_Amount in constant 2023 US$, records flagged Recommended_for_Aggregates = Yes, OECD sector 230 (energy generation and supply), summed by country of activity and year of commitment. Commitments, not disbursements or debt owed; loans and grants together. Records with no single recipient country (regional or multi-country) are excluded, so world totals are of single-country records only: US$93.4bn in 2000–12 (85 countries) and US$232.6bn in 2013–23 (122 countries). Totals, US$ bn, 2000–12 → 2013–23: Pakistan 3.32 → 26.03; United Kingdom 0.28 → 19.09; Australia 2.41 → 17.47; Indonesia 8.26 → 10.76; Viet Nam 8.68 → 10.43; Angola 5.02 → 8.08; Portugal 5.90 → 3.09. Ranks among all recipients: Pakistan 8th in 2000–12, 1st in 2013–23 (and 1st in 2023 alone, US$2.93bn, ahead of Iraq US$2.05bn); Sudan (4th) and Singapore (5th) in 2000–12 fall out of the top in 2013–23. Pakistan's total includes a 2015 peak of US$10.92bn. Period sums, shares and ranks are progrss calculations. AidData compiles records from many sources; later versions may add 2023 commitments not yet reported. 2013 is used as the split because China's Belt and Road began that year; Pakistan's 2015 commitments (US$10.92bn) are 42% of its 2013–23 total; 2023 single-year totals are the most likely to grow in later versions. Licence: ODC-By 1.0, credit AidData. Brazil, checked as an alternative subject, ranks 10th in 2013–23 (US$7.39bn) and never led on value.
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