22 governments now owe more than a year's national output
General government gross debt above 100% of GDP, 2025, some figures IMF estimates, World Economic Outlook October 2026.
Governments with gross debt above 100% of GDP in 2025, up from 16 in 2015; three (Congo, Spain, Zambia) are within a point of the line.
Japan (204.8%) and Sudan (204.4%) owe about twice their yearly output; the US is at 124.4%.
Countries that crossed the line since 2015, from Senegal and Zambia to France, Britain and Canada, while Portugal, Cyprus and Jamaica fell back below.
the numbers & method
| Country | Value (%) |
|---|---|
| JPN | 204.8 |
| SDN | 204.4 |
| SGP | 165.7 |
| LBY | 153.8 |
| GRC | 146.6 |
| BHR | 144.3 |
| LBN | 139.4 |
| ITA | 137.1 |
| MDV | 129.4 |
| SEN | 127.7 |
| USA | 124.4 |
| FRA | 115.5 |
| CPV | 115.4 |
| CAN | 113.6 |
| BEL | 107.9 |
| VCT | 107.7 |
| UKR | 107.1 |
| BTN | 102.6 |
| GBR | 102.1 |
| ZMB | 100.6 |
| ESP | 100.5 |
| COG | 100.4 |
| DMA | 99.9 |
| CHN | 98.6 |
| SUR | 96.9 |
| LKA | 96.8 |
| MWI | 96.6 |
| BRB | 96.2 |
| BRA | 93.3 |
| MOZ | 90.3 |
| PRT | 89.7 |
| LAO | 88.8 |
| FIN | 88.4 |
| SLV | 87.6 |
| EGY | 86.8 |
| MUS | 86.8 |
| IND | 84.3 |
| GAB | 84.2 |
| TTO | 84.0 |
| JOR | 83.6 |
| BOL | 83.3 |
| TUN | 81.7 |
| AUT | 81.4 |
| ARG | 80.1 |
| ZAF | 78.4 |
| FJI | 77.1 |
| LCA | 76.8 |
| GNB | 75.1 |
| HUN | 74.6 |
| GMB | 73.7 |
| PAK | 72.8 |
| BHS | 71.7 |
| KEN | 71.3 |
| MYS | 70.5 |
| ATG | 70.2 |
| GRD | 69.4 |
| ISR | 67.9 |
| NAM | 67.5 |
| BLZ | 66.9 |
| MAR | 66.6 |
| JAM | 66.0 |
| URY | 65.6 |
| SVN | 65.1 |
| TGO | 64.9 |
| RWA | 64.7 |
| THA | 64.7 |
| SSD | 64.2 |
| MNE | 63.5 |
| DEU | 62.7 |
| MEX | 61.7 |
| SVK | 61.4 |
| CRI | 60.4 |
| ROU | 60.4 |
| COL | 59.9 |
| SMR | 59.8 |
| POL | 59.7 |
| BEN | 59.3 |
| PHL | 59.1 |
| STP | 59.1 |
| DOM | 59.0 |
| KNA | 58.7 |
| CIV | 57.1 |
| ISL | 56.7 |
| PAN | 56.6 |
| HRV | 56.3 |
| PSE | 55.9 |
| LBR | 55.1 |
| CYP | 55.0 |
| NZL | 54.7 |
| ECU | 54.5 |
| NOR | 54.0 |
| ALB | 53.8 |
| BFA | 53.2 |
| UGA | 53.2 |
| AGO | 52.9 |
| IRQ | 52.8 |
| PLW | 52.8 |
| MKD | 52.6 |
| KOR | 52.4 |
| DZA | 52.1 |
| AUS | 51.9 |
| MMR | 51.9 |
| PNG | 51.6 |
| SLE | 51.4 |
| SYC | 51.2 |
| TZA | 49.8 |
| LSO | 49.4 |
| GHA | 48.8 |
| MDG | 47.7 |
| NPL | 47.4 |
| ARM | 46.9 |
| LVA | 46.9 |
| MLT | 46.2 |
| NER | 45.5 |
| MNG | 45.0 |
| SWZ | 44.8 |
| NLD | 44.7 |
| CZE | 44.2 |
| ETH | 43.3 |
| CAF | 42.6 |
| QAT | 42.5 |
| SRB | 42.2 |
| BDI | 42.0 |
| BGD | 42.0 |
| CHL | 41.5 |
| IDN | 40.9 |
| CMR | 40.5 |
| MRT | 40.4 |
| HND | 40.3 |
| MLI | 40.3 |
| CHE | 40.1 |
| LTU | 39.5 |
| KGZ | 39.4 |
| MDA | 39.2 |
| PRY | 38.2 |
| ZWE | 38.0 |
| GIN | 36.3 |
| VUT | 36.2 |
| NGA | 36.1 |
| IRN | 35.6 |
| GNQ | 35.4 |
| IRL | 34.8 |
| OMN | 34.7 |
| NIC | 34.6 |
| SWE | 34.5 |
| GEO | 34.3 |
| BWA | 34.0 |
| ARE | 33.9 |
| TCD | 33.3 |
| SAU | 31.8 |
| BLR | 31.3 |
| DJI | 31.3 |
| COM | 30.5 |
| VNM | 30.5 |
| AND | 30.3 |
| PER | 30.1 |
| BGR | 29.9 |
| SLB | 29.6 |
| GUY | 28.9 |
| BIH | 28.8 |
| UZB | 28.6 |
| DNK | 27.4 |
| TON | 26.9 |
| GTM | 26.7 |
| LUX | 26.5 |
| KHM | 25.5 |
| KAZ | 24.3 |
| EST | 24.0 |
| TUR | 23.7 |
| TWN | 23.6 |
| WSM | 21.2 |
| COD | 20.4 |
| AZE | 20.1 |
| TJK | 18.6 |
| XKX | 17.5 |
| RUS | 16.6 |
| KWT | 14.6 |
| TLS | 13.3 |
| HTI | 12.3 |
| NRU | 12.2 |
| HKG | 12.1 |
| FSM | 8.8 |
| MHL | 8.8 |
| KIR | 8.0 |
| AFG | 7.6 |
| TKM | 3.1 |
| TUV | 2.8 |
| BRN | 1.6 |
| LIE | 0.5 |
Claim types Fact · Estimate
IMF DataMapper API (imf.org/external/datamapper/api/v1/GGXWDG_NGDP), source 'World Economic Outlook (October 2026)', last modified 8 Oct 2026, read 4 Nov 2026; IMF country list only (regional aggregates excluded). 2025 is the latest year that is not a forecast in this edition, but for most countries it is still an IMF estimate, and for some (e.g. Sudan, Libya, Lebanon) the last reported year is earlier, so 2025 is an IMF staff figure. Above 100% in 2025 (% of GDP): Japan 204.8, Sudan 204.4, Singapore 165.7, Libya 153.8, Greece 146.6, Bahrain 144.3, Lebanon 139.4, Italy 137.1, Maldives 129.4, Senegal 127.7, US 124.4, France 115.5, Cabo Verde 115.4, Canada 113.6, Belgium 107.9, St Vincent and the Grenadines 107.7, Ukraine 107.1, Bhutan 102.6, UK 102.1, Zambia 100.6, Spain 100.5, Congo 100.4. Just below: Dominica 99.9, China 98.6. Above 100% in 2015 (16): Eritrea 271.4, Japan 200.1, Greece 180.0, Lebanon 140.9, Italy 134.8, Portugal 131.0, Cabo Verde 125.2, Barbados 122.5, Jamaica 115.9, Nauru 113.0, Cyprus 111.6, Belgium 105.6, US 105.5, Spain 102.4, Singapore 102.1, Sao Tome and Principe 101.1. Nine were above in both years; 13 crossed since 2015; Portugal, Barbados, Jamaica, Nauru, Cyprus and Sao Tome fell below; Eritrea has no 2025 value. Gross debt: Singapore's is issued largely to invest pension savings and is backed by assets, and Japan's government also holds large assets; net debt is much lower in both. Shown as no data: Eritrea and Syria (no 2025 value), and Venezuela, Cuba, North Korea, Somalia, Yemen and Monaco (no series in this DataMapper release). Aruba, Macao and Puerto Rico have values but no map tile. Counts are progrss calculations. Kosovo (IMF code UVK) and West Bank and Gaza (WBG) are mapped to XKX and PSE.
Published 4 Nov 2026
what connects to this
one plate, every morning
The new world, explained in one chart, in your inbox at 7:00, your time. Free.
or follow via rss, the "rss" in progrss