plate 009 · Technology

China now leads research in 57 of 64 critical technologies

Who produces the most-cited research in 64 critical technologies, 2003–07 (marker) vs 2019–23.

60 → 7

The US led 60 of 64 critical technologies in 2003–07. By 2019–23 it led just 7.

3 → 57

China went from leading 3 technologies to leading 57, from batteries to drones to advanced materials.

2×

In 2025 China's share of top science papers (Nature Index) was double the US's.

Source ASPI, Critical Technology Tracker (two-decade update, Aug 2024) ·Data 2019–2023 ·Fact·Interpretation
the numbers
China now leads research in 57 of 64 critical technologies. Source: ASPI, Critical Technology Tracker (two-decade update, Aug 2024), 2019–2023.
2019–232003–07
China573
United States760
source notes & method

Lead = largest share of the top 10% most-cited papers in each technology. Measures research output, not industrial capability. Nature Index 2026 Research Leaders: China 52,735 vs US 26,006.

Published 22 Sep 2026